Live fetus inside the urinary bladder: a case report / Feto vivo dentro da bexiga urinária: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Vesicouterine fistula is a rare condition. Its incidence, however, has been increasing due to the higher incidence of cesarean sections. The presence of a live fetus inside the bladder who passed through a vesicouterine fistula is an extremely rare situation. We report a case of woman who underwent two previous cesarean sections, was referred to a hospital due to mild pelvic pain and genital bleeding. At the moment, physical examination was normal. Ultrasound scan revealed a gestational sac inserted into the anterior wall of the uterus, with a living fetus of approximately 13 weeks, with active body movement and normal heart rate inside it. The fetal abdomen, around the waist, was stuck at the opening of a vesicouterine fistula, so that the fetal head and trunk were entirely into the bladder cavity, while lower limbs remained at the uterine cavity. Laparotomy was performed, the fistulous tract was excised, the fetus (without heart beating) was removed on opening the bladder, and the uterine cavity was emptied. The defects in the bladder and uterus were repaired. The postoperative period was uneventful. A live fetus inside the urinary bladder is a rare condition the continuation of pregnancy is unlikely and the vesicouterine correction can be made by the time of surgical intervention.

RESUMO A fístula vesicouterina é uma condição rara. Sua incidência, no entanto, vem aumentando, devido à maior incidência de cesáreas. A presença de feto vivo dentro da bexiga por meio de uma fístula vesicouterina constutui situação extremamente rara. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher com duas cesarianas anteriores encaminhada para o hospital devido à dor pélvica leve e sangramento genital. Na hospitalização, o exame físico estava normal. A ultrassonografia revelou saco gestacional inserido na parede anterior do útero com feto vivo de aproximadamente 13 semanas, com movimento corporal ativo e frequência cardíaca normal. O abdômen fetal, ao redor da cintura, estava preso na abertura de uma fístula vesicouterina de modo que a cabeça e o tronco fetais estavam totalmente dentro da cavidade da bexiga, enquanto os membros inferiores permaneciam na cavidade uterina. A laparotomia foi realizada, o trajeto fistuloso foi excisado, o feto (que estava sem batimento cardíaco) foi removido ao abrir a bexiga, sendo a cavidade uterina esvaziada. Além disso, foram reparados os defeitos na bexiga e no útero. O pós-operatório transcorreu sem intercorrências. Feto vivo dentro da bexiga é uma condição rara, e a continuidade da gravidez é improvável, sendo que a correção vesicouterina pode ser feita no momento da intervenção cirúrgica.

Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) to Treat Vesicorectal Fistula: A New Approach

ABSTRACT Purpose: Vesicorectal fistula is one of the most devastating postoperative complications after radical prostatectomy. Definitive treatment is difficult due to morbidity and recurrence. Despite many options, there is not an unanimous accepted approach. This article aimed to report a new minimally invasive approach as an option to reconstructive surgery. Materials and Methods: We report on Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) with miniLap devices for instrumentation in a 65 year old patient presenting with vesicorectal fistula after radical prostatectomy. We used Alexis® device for transanal access and 3, 5 and 11 mm triangulated ports for the procedure. The surgical steps were as follows: cystoscopy and implant of guide wire through fistula; patient at jack-knife position; transanal access; Identification of the fistula; dissection; vesical wall closure; injection of fibrin glue in defect; rectal wall closure. Results: The operative time was 240 minutes, with 120 minutes for reconstruction. No perioperative complications or conversion were observed. Hospital stay was two days and catheters were removed at four weeks. No recurrence was observed. Conclusions: This approach has low morbidity and is feasible. The main difficulties consisted in maintaining luminal dilation, instrumental manipulation and suturing.

Vesicoenteric Fistula due to Bladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Vesicoenteric fistula is a rare complication of bladder squamous cell carcinoma. We report the case of a 70-year-old male who complained of painless, total gross hematuria. Abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) revealed an approximately 2.7-cm lobulated and contoured enhancing mass in the bladder dome. We performed partial cystectomy of the bladder dome after transurethral resection of the bladder. The biopsy result was bladder squamous cell carcinoma, with infiltrating serosa histopathologically, but the resection margin was free. Postoperatively, follow-up CT was done after 3 months. Follow-up CT revealed an approximately 4.7-cmx4.0-cm lobulated, contoured, and heterogeneous mass in the bladder dome. A vesicoenteric fistula was visible by cystography. Here we report this case of a vesicoenteric fistula due to bladder squamous cell carcinoma.

Infecção do trato urinário de repetição por fístula enterovesical secundária a doença diverticular do cólon: um relato de caso / Recurrent urinary tract infection due to enterovesical fistula secondary to colon diverticular disease: a case report

INTRODUÇÃO: As fístulas enterovesicais (FEV) são comunicações patológicas entre a bexiga e as alças intestinais pélvicas. Trata-se de uma rara complicação decorrente de doenças inflamatórias e neoplásicas da pelve, além de casos resultantes de iatrogenia, e associa-se a altos índices de morbimortalidade. RELATO DO CASO: Trata-se de um paciente de 61 anos com um quadro de dor e distensão abdominal, vômitos, parada de eliminação de fezes e flatos. APP: Hipertenso, diabético, com antecedentes de disfunção vesical e infecções do trato urinário de repetição (ITUr) nos últimos três anos. Por meio da realização de ressonância magnética de abdômen e pelve, diagnosticou-se FEV associada à doença diverticular (DDC) do sigmoide. A conduta estabelecida consistiu em colectomia parcial com rebaixamento de colo e cistectomia parcial com colocação cirúrgica de cateter duplo jota à esquerda. DISCUSSÃO: Embora consista de afecção primária do trato digestivo, normalmente o paciente com DDC associada a FEV procura atendimento médico em decorrência de queixas do trato urinário. Nesse caso, a demora no diagnóstico fez com que a queixa principal fosse do trato digestivo e com antecedentes de queixas urinárias. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de pouco frequente, a ocorrência de ITUr associada à DDC deve ser sempre considerada no diagnóstico diferencial das ITUr pela alta morbimortalidade.

INTRODUCTION: Enterovesical fistula are pathological connections between the bladder and pelvic intestinal segments. It consists of a rare complication of neoplastic and inflammatory pelvic disorders, in addition to iatrogenic or traumatic injuries, and correlates with both high morbidity and mortality indexes. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 61 years old, admitted at the hospital clinics featuring abdominal pain and distension, vomiting and fecal retention. Patient's pathological precedents include high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, vesical dysfunction and recurrent urinary tract infection on the past three years. Magnetic resonance imaging of abdomen and pelvis revealed enterovesical fistula in association with colon diverticular disease of the sigmoid. Management of choice consisted of partial colectomy with bowel lowering and partial cystectomy with surgical double-J stent insertion. DISCUSSION: Although consisting of a gastrointestinal primary affection, patients with enterovesical fistula usually search for medical help charging urinary tract features. In this particular case, our patient was admitted with gastrointestinal symptoms, reasoned by diagnostic delay, as the patient had already attended at multiple centers with urinary symptoms. CONCLUSION: Despite being an unusual affection, recurrent urinary tract infection associated with colon diverticular disease must always be considered at differential diagnosis of recurrent urinary tract infection as it concurs with high morbidity and mortality.

Fístula colovesical secundaria a enfermedad diverticular: cirugía laparoscópica electiva / Colovesical fistula: laparoscopic surgery

Aim: Colovesical fistula is a severe complication associated to neoplastic or inflammatory colon disease. Most common procedure is open surgery. We report a case of colovesical fistula secondary to diverticular disease treated with a laparoscopic approach. Methods: A 64-year-old man was seen with a known colonic diverticular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and recurrent urinary tract infection. He complained of lower abdominal pain, dysuria, and pneumaturia. A CT scan revealed a sigmoid diverticular perforation into the bladder (colovesical fistula). A left hemicolectomy with partial cystectomy was performed by laparoscopy means. Results: There was no morbidity related to the surgical procedure, and the final pathology confirmed a colonic diverticular disease with bladder compromise. The patient is asymptomatic at 24 months of follow up. Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach is a feasible alternative for the treatment of colovesical fistula with low morbidity.

Objetivos: La fístula colovesical es una complicación relacionada con procesos inflamatorios y neoplá-sicos del colon. El manejo tradicional de esta patología es quirúrgico bajo técnica abierta. Presentamos un caso de fístula colovesical secundaria a enfermedad diverticular con tratamiento quirúrgico laparoscópico. Materiales y Métodos: Paciente masculino de 64 años de edad, portador de enfermedad diverticular de larga data con antecedente de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e infecciones urinarias a repetición, quien consulta por presentar dolor en hipogastrio, disuria y neumaturia. Se realiza tomografía computada que revela perforación diverticular de colon sigmoides a vejiga (fístula colovesical). Se realizó hemicolectomía izquierda más cistectomía parcial, con resección del trayecto fistuloso, y cierre vesical y anastomosis colónica laparoscópica. Resultados: No hubo complicaciones intra ni postoperatorias. El estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza operatoria demostró enfermedad diverticular. El paciente se encuentra asintomático a los 24 meses de seguimiento. Conclusión: El abordaje laparoscópico es una alternativa factible para el tratamiento de fístula colovesical, con baja morbilidad.

Fístula colovesical de origen diverticular / Results of surgical treatment of colovesical fistulas of diverticular origin

Background: The main causes of colovesical fistulas are diverticular disease of the colon and colon carcinoma. Aim: To analyze the results of the surgical treatment of colovesical fistulas of diverticular origin. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients operated for a colovesical fistula of diverticular origin. Results: From 141 patients subjected to a colon excision for diverticular disease, 18 had a colovesical fistula. The latter, compared to patients without fistulas were male in a higher proportion, were younger and had more concomitant diseases. Pneumaturia was reported in 83 percent and urine fecal soiling in 56 percent. In two thirds of patients, the fistula appeared in the absence of a diverticular crisis. Abdominal CAT sean demonstrated the fistula in 80 percent of cases. It was complemented with barium enema and cystoscopy. Excision with immediate anastomosis was the surgical procedure used in 94 percent of patients, without sequelae or relapse, after a mean follow up of 74 months. No patient died during the procedure or required a new intervention. Conclusions: Colovesical fistulas are most common in young men with associated diseases and their treatment of choice, with good long-term results, is primary excision.

Antecedentes: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la Fístula Coló Vesical (FCV) de origen diverticular, los que se comparan con la enfermedad diverticular no fistulizada. Pacientes y Método: Análisis retrospectivo de todos los pacientes intervenidos por una FCV de origen diverticular en forma consecutiva. Resultados: De un total de 141 pacientes resecados por una enfermedad diverticular del colon sigmoides, la indicación quirúrgica en 27 (19,3 por ciento) fue la presencia de una fístula, de las cuales 18 corresponden a una FCV. El grupo con FCV tiene predominio de hombres (p = 0,0001), más joven (p = 0,027) y con mayor incidencia de enfermedades asociadas (p = 0,0001). La neumaturia se presentó en el 83 por ciento y la fecaluria en el 56 por ciento. En dos tercios de los casos la FCV se estableció en ausencia de una crisis diverticular previa. El estudio más relevante para demostrar la presencia de una FCV fue la tomografía computada (80 por ciento), que se complementa con el enema balitado y la cistoscopia. La resección con anastomosis inmediata, más simple sutura de la vejiga fue el procedimiento empleado en el 94 por ciento de los pacientes, sin secuelas ni casos de recidiva, con un seguimiento global promedio de 74,2 meses (extremos 12-158). No hubo reoperaciones ni mortalidad operatoria. Conclusiones: la FCV de origen diverticular es una condición patológica poco frecuente que afecta a pacientes varones en la séptima década de la vida, con múltiples enfermedades asociadas y que frecuentemente se instala en forma silenciosa. La resección primaria es el tratamiento de elección con buenos resultados a largo plazo.

Fístulas colovesicales: análisis de 7 casos / Colovesical fistula: report of 7 cases

Introducción: La fístula colovesical es una comunicación anormal entre vejiga e intestino grueso. Generalmente es secundaria a una enfermedad inflamatoria o neoplásica representando un desafío tanto diagnóstico como terapéutico. Material y método: Se revisaron en forma retrospectiva los pacientes intervenidos con el diagnóstico de fístula colovesical entre agosto de 1991 y mayo de 2006, registrando su distribución por sexo, edad, etiología, sintomatología, exámenes complementarios y tratamiento quirúrgico. Todos los pacientes se estudiaron mediante tomografía axial computada (TAC), cistoscopia y enema baritado. Resultados: Se revisaron 7 pacientes, hombre/mujer 4/3, con edad promedio de 60 años (rango 42-82). En 5 pacientes (71,5 por ciento) la fístula fue secundaria a una enfermedad diverticular complicada y en 2 casos (28,5 por ciento) a neoplasia de colon. La fecaluria y la neumaturia fueron los principales motivos de consulta. En 2 casos (28,5 por ciento) el motivo de consulta fue dolor pélvico, y 2 pacientes (28,5 por ciento) consultaron por infecciones urinarias. La cistoscopia mostró el orificio fistuloso en 4 de 7 pacientes (57,1 por ciento). El enema baritado mostró la fístula en 4 de7 casos (57,1 por ciento). La TAC fue diagnosticada en 5 de 7 casos(71,4 por ciento). En los 7 casos se efectuó una hemicolectomía izquierda más cistectomía parcial. El promedio de días de hospitalización fue de 9,7 días (rango 7-12) y no se registraron complicaciones posoperatorias ni mortalidad. Conclusiones: La fístula colovesical es una patología poco frecuente. Su principal etiología es la enfermedad diverticular complicada. Fecaluria y neumaturia son signos patognomónicos. La TAC es el examen diagnóstico de elección. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, y en la actualidad se recomienda la reparación en un tiempo operatorio.

Introduction: Colovesical fistula is an abnormal comunication between the bladder and the colon. Usually it is associated with inflammatory or neoplasic disease and its management remains a challenge Material and methods: Patients with colovesical fistula that underwent repair between 1991 and 2006 were analyzed. Age, sex, etiology, clinical and imaging findings were reviewed. All patients underwent CT scan with rectal contrast. Results: Out of 7 patients (4 male) with a mean age of 60 years (range 42-82), fistula was secondary to complicated colonic diverticula and colonic tumour in 5 (71.5 percent) and 2 (28.5 percent) respectively. Fecaluria and pneumaturia were the main complains. Two patients were seen for pelvis pain and another two for urinary infections. Cystoscopy allowed for fistula identification in 4 out of 7 patients (57.1 percent). Retrograde colonography was positive in 4 out of 7 cases. CT scan showed fistula in 5 of the 7 patients (71.4 percent). All patients underwent left colectomy and partial cystectomy. Mean hospital stay was 9.7 days (range 7 to 12) there were no postoperatory complications. Conclusion: Colovesical fistula is a rare occurrence. Its main etiology is colonic diverticular disease. Fecaluria and pneumaturia are pathognomonic. CT scan is the image modality of choice. Surgical treatment is always warranted and one time repair is currently advocated.

Appendicovesical fistula: a rare complication of appendicitis

Appendicovesical fistula is an uncommon type of enterovesical fistula and a rare complication of unrecognized appendicitis. Appendicovesical fistula often presents with recurrent or persistent urinary tract infection, especially in men. The commonest causes are appendicitis, cecal diverticulitis, and cystadenocarcinoma or carcinoid tumors of appendix. Approximately 114 cases have been reported previously in the literature, the vast majority in young male patients. Our special case joins the other cases which have already been described in the international literature. This case is a middle-aged man and is the first who has large and multiple fecaliths. We reviewed other cases and contributed an additional one with hope that increased awareness of this entity may facilitate the correct diagnosis and avoid inappropriate management

Unusual presentation of retrovesical hydatid Cyst: report of three cases

Hydatid disease may occur in any organ of the human body, but an isolated retrovesical hydatid [RVH] cyst is rare. We report two cases of isolated RVH cyst - one mimicking an ovarian cyst, the other presenting as acute urinary retention - and a third case of RVH cyst associated with bladder and rectal fistula and a hepatic hydatid cyst

Obstetric trauma is the commonest cause of urogenital fistulae

To determine incidence of different types of urogenital fistulae, their frequency and success rate of different methods of repair. This descriptive study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Military Hospital Rawalpindi from January 1997 to January 1998. A total of 44 patients were included in the study. Diagnosis was made by taking comprehensive history, detailed examination and appropriate investigations. Data regarding aetiological and risk factors was gathered. The incidence was 0.26%. Obstetric trauma, mostly prolonged and obstructed labour, was responsible for 53.3% cases and 40% were result of surgical trauma and miscellaneous causes. Forty percent of fistulae were vesico vaginal and same number was simple in type. Nearly 55% were repaired by abdominal route and 75% were successful in 1[st] attempt. Obstetric trauma was the commonest cause of urogenital fistulae. Majority were repaired by abdominal route and 75% were successful in first attempt. Improvement in maternity care in rural areas, easy approach to specialist care and better training of staff in instrumental deliveries may help to decrease the incidence of these fistule

Fístula colovesical secundaria a la migración de una endoprótesis biliar: reporte de un caso / Colovesical fistula secondary to the migration of a biliary stent: case report

Introducción: la colocación endoscópica de stents para descomprimir una obstrucción biliar es un tratamiento comúnmente utilizado para enfermedades malignas de la vía biliar y para estenosis benignas de la misma. Se han descrito complicaciones inusitadas derivadas de la colocación de endoprótesis biliares, incluyendo la migración. Se presenta un caso clínico con el objetivo de compartir con la comunidad científica una rara complicación y la única publicada, secundaria a la migración de un stent biliar. Caso clínico: mujer de 47 años de edad, con estenosis de ámpula de Vater benigna, a quien se le colocó endoprótesis biliar, con la cual mejoró clínicamente. Posterior a la colocación del stent se le realizó colecistectomía abierta con exploración de vías biliares. Al año y medio posterior a la colocación del stent, la paciente presentó dolor vago en abdomen bajo y disuria; se le practicaron estudios de imagen donde se observó un extremo del stent biliar en colon sigmoides y otro en vejiga. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica encontrando fístula colovesical, la cual se resolvió en un solo tiempo quirúrgico. La paciente fue egresada con resultados satisfactorios.

BACKGROUND: The endoscopic placement of endoprostheses to decompress biliary obstruction is a commonly used treatment for malignant biliary diseases and is also used in the treatment of benign biliary strictures. Unusual complications of endoprosthesis placement have been described and include the migration of the stent. We present a case to share with the scientific community, an unusual complication secondary to the migration of a biliary stent that has not previously been reported to our knowledge. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 47-year-old female with a diagnosis of benign papillary stenosis. The patient received a biliary endoprosthesis with clinical improvement. Later she underwent open cholecystectomy and common duct exploration. At consultation 18 months later, the patient presents with indistinct lower abdominal pain and dysuria. We performed imaging studies where the biliary stent was observed, partly in the sigmoid colon and partly in the bladder. The patient underwent surgery where a colovesical fistula was found and treated during the same surgical event. The patient was discharged succesfully.

Ileovesical Fistula Caused by Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Ileovesical fistula is a very rare clinical entity, the most frequent cause of which is Crohn's disease. Furthermore, it is an exceptionally rare complication of malignancies. We experienced one case of ileovesical fistula which had been caused by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising from the noncirrhotic liver. A 27-year-old man was diagnosed with HCC in a noncirrhotic liver. Despite treatment with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), the disease status became more aggravated. The patient complained of dysuria, fecaluria, and intermittent lower abdominal pain. Pelvic CT scan showed a soft tissue mass of 6 cm abutting on the distal ileum which was downwardly displaced. Barium study of the small bowel showed a fistula between the small bowel loop and the urinary bladder. Upon operation, adhesion and fistula were found between the ileum and the urinary bladder. The microscopic findings of the surgical specimen were compatible with metastatic HCC. We confirmed that ileovesical fistula had been caused by metastatic HCC.

Vesico-ileosigmoidal Fistula Caused by Diverticulitis: Report of a Case and Literature Review in Japan

Enterovesical fistula is a relatively uncommon complication of colorectal and pelvic malignancies, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, radiotherapy, and trauma in Asian countries. A case of vesico-ileosigmoidal fistula and a literature review of this disease in Japan are presented. A 70-yr-old male was referred with complaints of urinary pain and pneumaturia. On admission, urinary tract infection and pneumaturia were presented. A barium enema demonstrated multiple diverticulum in his sigmoid colon and the passage of contrast medium into the bladder and ileum. Under the diagnosis of vesico-ileosigmoidal fistula due to suspected diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon, sigmoidectomy and partial resection of the ileum with partial cystectomy were performed. The histopathology revealed diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon with diverticulitis and development of a vesico-ileosigmoidal fistula. No malignant findings were observed. Until the year 2000, a total of 173 cases of vesico-sigmoidal fistula caused by diverticulitis had been reported in Japan. Pneumaturia and fecaluria are the most common types, presenting symptoms in 63% of the cases. Computed tomography, with a sensitivity of 40% to 100%, is the most commonly used diagnostic study. For patients with vesico-sigmoidal fistula, resection of the diseased sigmoid colon and partial cystectomy with primary anastomosis are the safest and most acceptable procedures, leading to the best results.

Lesiones urológicas en la cirugía ginecológica y uroginecológica. Dos años de experiencia institucional / Urological lesions in gynecological surgery, and urogynecological: two years of institutional experience

Informamos la frecuencia de la lesión urológica en la cirugía ginecológica y urogenicológica en el INstituto Nacional de Perinatología de la Ciudad de México, de marzo de 1993 a febrero de 1995. En este período se ralizaron 3,452 cirugía en total, 2.971 fueron ginecológicas y 481 uroginecológicas. Se encontraron 20 pacientes con lesión del tracto urinario inferior. El tipo de lesión más frecuente fue punzante y roma en ocho casos respectiva y cortante en cuatro. En 17 pacientes el diagnóstico de la lesión se hizo en el transoperatorio y en tres pasó inadvertida. La complicación tardía de la lesión fue fístula uretrovaginal en dos, vesicovaginal en una y ureterovaginal una, formación de litos una y retención de sonda transuretral una. El órgano más afectado fue la vejiga en 18 casos, uretero uno y uretra un caso. La lesión del aparato urinario inferior representa 4.15 por ciento de las complicaciones de la cirugía uroginecológica y 0.67 por ciento de la ginecológica. El aspecto fundamental en el pronóstico de la lesión del aparato urinario inferior, es el diagnóstico opotuno de la lesión durante el procedimiento quirúrgico

Colovesical fistula complicating colonic diverticulosis.

Two cases of colovesical fistulae secondary to colonic diverticulosis are reported. Urinary symptoms were the prominent presenting features. Barium enema was helpful in documenting the fistulae, which cystoscopically was not localised. Definitive treatment included resection of the fistula and the diseased segment of the intestine. Both patients are well on follow-up. Diverticulosis coli should be considered in the differential diagnosis of colovesical fistulae even in tropical countries.